![]() 2007), numerous algorithms have been proposed to obtain an approximate solution. Although this problem belongs to the family of NP-hard problems (Song et al. The method aims to determine the minimum number of boxes needed to cover the entire network. Since the notion of fractal networks is motivated by the notion of fractal geometry, the method to identify fractal behavior of networks is similar to that of regular fractal objects: using the box-covering method, also called box-counting method. For a wide range of applications of fractal property in networks, see the work of Wen and Cheong ( 2021). For example, fractal networks are found to be relatively robust against targeted attacks, which may provide an explanation why numerous biological networks evolve towards fractal behavior (Gallos et al. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the class of fractal networks, since fractality has been verified in several real-world networks (Moreover, fractality has been associated with many important properties of networks such as robustness, modularity, and information contagion (Rozenfeld et al. Various classes of networks, such as small-world networks, scale-free networks, and networks with a strong community structure have attracted a lot of research attention in the past two decades (Molontay and Nagy 2021). ![]() Popular approaches often focus on the degree distribution of the nodes of a given network, on degree-degree correlations, on shortest path related measures, on the clustering of the network, and on other structural measures (Newman et al. ![]() ![]() It is a challenging task to develop notions that can capture important features of a real-world network. ![]()
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